study of surfactant proteins A and D in asymptomatic cigarette smokers versus nonsomkers

The reconstruction of the soft tissue defect around the elbow joint is a challenge to the plastic surgeon. Many techniques have been published. This included skin graft local fasciocutaneous transposition, island flaps, distant flaps and free flaps. This paper presented the use of the distally based reversed lateral arm flap for the coverage of soft tissue defect around the elbow joint

Hepatorenal integrity following a long anesthetic exposure: a comparative study between low - flow and high - flow sevoflurane anesthesia

This study assessed the effects of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on renal function using BUN, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and urinary excretion of kidney-specific enzymes, and it compared these values with those obtained in high-flow sevoflurane anesthesia. We also studied the effects of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia and high flow on the hepatic functions. Forty male patients undergoing oculoplasty or rhinoplasty were studied. Patients were randomized to receive sevoflurane anesthesia with fresh gas flow of 1 L/min [low-flow sevoflurane group; n= 20] or 6-8 L/min [high-flow sevoflurane group; n= 20]. In both groups the carrier gas was oxygen/nitrous oxide. Soda lime was used is the low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia group, The compound A concentration was measured by gas chromatography. Blood samples were obtained before and on days 1, 2 and 3 after anesthesia to measure hepatic functions, serum electrolytes, BUN and serum creatinine. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected before anesthesia and for each 24-h period from 0 to 72 h after anesthesia to measure creatinine, NAG and AAP. The maximum compound A concentration was 24,7 +/- 10.1 ppm [mean +/- 80], and the average duration of exposure to this concentration was 4.55 +/- 1.88 h in the low-flow sevoflurane group, Post-anesthesia BUN and serum creatinine concentrations decreased, creatinine clearance increased, and urinary NAG and AAP excretion increased in both groups compared with preanesthesia values, but there were no significant differences between the two groups for any renal function parameter at any time after anesthesia. Total and direct bilirubin increased in the first day postanesthesia in both groups of sevoflurane anesthesia and no significant changes among the two groups, AST increased in the 2nd and 3rd postanesthesia days than the peranesthesia value but there were no significant changes among both groups of sevoflurane anesthesia. LDH increased in the three postanesthesia days than the preanesthesia values but no significant differences among both groups of sevoflurane anesthesia. We concluded that, the only difference between the low-flow and high flow sevoflurane groups was compound A formation, and postanesthesia laboratory data showed no significant effects of compound A formation during sevoflurane anesthesia on renal and hepatic functions

Endothelial damage potentiated by smoking in male Subjects with schistosoma mansoni

The cummulative effect of smoke inhalation inducing free radical generation and potentiating endothelial damage influencing liver and kidney function with alterations of lipid metabolism accelerating lipid peroxidation products and atherogenesis was evaluated in male smokers categorised into light and heavy smokers. The impact of schistosomal affection on the overall process of change monitored in smokers [age range 25 - 40] expressed more profound out come, which would influence furthermore the magnitude of hepatic insult and sequence of events in such cases

effect of pyridoxal - 5 - phoaphate on the activity of myokinase enzyme

Pyridoxal-5-phosphate [PLP] inhibits platelet aggregation. It was suggested that PLP may exert its inhibitory effect by binding to ADP receptors. An ADP binding site in another system was considered to provide an analogy from which deductions may be made in regard to ADP binding sites on the platelet surface. The enzyme myokinase was believed to provide a suitably analogous ADP binding site. It has been shown that PLP did not inhibit the activity of myokinase from which it was inferred that PLP is unlikely to exert its inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation by binding to ADP receptor on the platelet surface

Azithronycine in management of brucellosis A clinical trial

64 cases clinically and serologically proved brucellosis [Br] in adult and pediatric age. 40 male and 24 female were given 2 courses each of six days 500 mg Azithromycine [Az] in a single morning dose one hour before breakfast with 5 days rest in between, children were given 8-10 mg/Kg body Wt. They were hospitalized maximally for 6 days and followed for six month. All cases were cured with no relapses [100% cure rate] with very minimal side effects. It is also cost effective

Effect of catecholamine tolerance on intestinal ischaemia reperfusion. Experimental work

Animal models of acute intestinal ischaemia have increased knowledge of the basic pathophysiology of mesenteric vascular occlusion. Adrenaline tolerance improves survival in animal models of shock. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of catecholamine tolerance on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in a dog model. Catecholamine tolerance was developed by administering intravenous adrenaline every 2 days, gradually increasing the dose to 2 mg/kg for 3 weeks. Acute intestinal ischaemia was established in 5 of ten adrenaline tolerant dogs by clamping the superior mesenteric artery [SMA] near its aortic origin for 120 min and then released. Evans blue dye was given intravenously to all animals to quantify pulmonary microvascular injury. Some 60 min after clamp release, the dogs were killed and the effects of reperfusion assessed on tissue samples. Six control dogs were injected with saline for the same period. Evans blue dye concentrations were significantly higher in animals with intestinal ischemia reperfusion than in those having sham intestinal ischaemia- reperfusion or in adrenaline-tolerant dogs having intestinal ischaemia- reperfuston or sham ischaemia-reperfusion [p<0.01]. Malonyldialdehyde levels increased significantly in the lung in the intestinal ischaernia-reperfusion group compared with those in the sham ischaemia-reperfusion group [p<0.001] for liver, lung and small intestine], whereas, there was no difference in adrenaline-tolerant dogs. There was no significant change induced by adrenaline tolerance in myeloperoxidase levels in any organ. Adrenaline tolerance reduced the lung permeability caused by intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion.Catecholamines may play a role in free radical generation induced by ischaemia- reperfusion